Placenta:
The placenta is a round flat mass of the shape of a pancake, about 20 cm in diameter and 2 cm The maternal surface: The maternal blood is dark red in color.
Appearance Of placenta: the placenta is a round mass shape thick at its center. It weighs approximately one-sixth of the baby's weight at term is arranged in about 20 lobes or cotyledons, which are separated by sulci (furrows) which the decidua dips down to form septa (walls). The lobes are made up of lobules path which contains a single villus with its branches. The fetal surface: The amnion covering the fetal surface of the placenta gives it a white shiny appearance. Branches of the umbilical vein and arteries are visible, spreading out from the insertion of the umbilical cord, which is normally in the center.
The fetal sac: The fetal sac consists of a double membrane the chorion and the amnion Chorion is the outer membrane that is thick, opaque, and friable. Amnion is the inner membrane that is smooth, tough, and translucent. As long as it remains intact, the fetal sac protects the fetus against ascending bacterial infection.
The umbilical cord: It extends from the fetus to the placenta and transmits the umbilical blood vessels: two arteries and one vein. These are enclosed and protected by Wharton's jelly, a gelatinous substance. The whole cord is covered in a layer of amnion continuous with that covering the placenta. The length of the average cord is about 50 cm and a cord is considered to be short when it measures less than 40 cm, Veins.
Study shows that the age of the female is played a major role in healthy pregnancy to grow a child normally in the late age of a women May lead to pelvic relax and also the reason for the other fertility problems.it Can also affect the placental formation and development for the growth of hypertension is a serious problem in pregnancy because it Can be the reason for placental abruption.
There are four stages of placental abruption for delivery mode indications.in category 1 Or 2 vaginal delivery May be possible and in 3 4 there may be a need for a C section.
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG):
It is produced by the chorionic villi. Its peak level is achieved between the 7th and 10h weeks but gradually reduces as the pregnancy advances HCG forms the basis of many pregnancy tests available as it is excreted in the mother's wine, Its function is to stimulate growth and activity of the corpus luteum.
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